Task 4: From Analogue to digital editing

 Analogue Editing 

Analogue editing was before all the new technology we have today where you can easily and quite quickly edit a movie. In times when analogue editing was used, one would create a film through having a razor blade and a diagonal splicing block. 
After the tape was cut where it needed cutting, it would have to be taped back together, which would be repeated over and over again until a film was created. furthermore, analogue editing is the cutting together of pieces of celluloid film also traditionally films are made up images printed to acetate negatives. These are then 'spliced' together to form a real film. These are then feed through a projector at a constant speed of 29 frames a second which makes the picture appear to be moving. This method is known as analogue.  

Analogue editing was around before it improved into digital editing. Before computers were created they used analogue editing which was all done by hand, there was nothing done by using software. You had a copy of the positive film where all the footage went onto when it was filmed. They then cut the film in different parts using a splicer and pasted it onto different pieces of film to create the cutaways. With analogue editing it then had to be fed through a machine, this shows how much the editing techniques has changed over the years how now it can all be done on a computer and no messing around is needed.

The Moviola 

A Moviola is a device that allows a film editor to view film while editing. It was the first machine for motion picture editing when it was invented by Iwan Serrurier in 1924. Moviola the company is still in existence and is located in Hollywood where part of the facility is located on one of the original Moviola factory floors. The Moviola was the first machine used for feature length motion picture editing.

Video editing

Before digital technologies became available magnetic tape were used to store information, these is known as a video tape. video editing is the process of editing segment of these tapes using a device that mechanically puts pieces of video tape together. The films has to be edited in the correct or this called Linear editing. Linear editing is a post production process of selecting, arranging and modifying images and sounds in a ordered sequence.

Digital editing
digital media is a form of electronic media where data are stored in digital (as opposed to analogue forms). Digital editing is the use of computers to order and manipulate this digital data. There are many different editing programs such as : Adobe premier, Avid, final cut pro. Furthermore, digital film making uses bits and bytes (strings of Is and Ds ) to record, transmit and reply images, instead of chemicals on films. The whole process is electronic so there is no printing or ''splicing'' involved.
Digital editing soon over took video editing as it is much quicker and therefore cheaper. The biggest pro is that you can edit digitally in any order. Digital editing easy to undo any film error.

Non-linear editing
non-linear editing is a method that allows you to access any frame in a digital video clip regardless of sequence in the clip. The freedom to access any frame, and use a cut-and-paste method, similar to the ease of cutting and pasting text in a word processor, and allows you to easily include fades, transitions, and other effects that cannot be achieved with linear editing. You can edit a sequence from the end of the film before you have started editing the first scene. The process uses electronic files so it is easy as cutting and pasting in a world document

There are many cons and pros for analogue and digital editing. One of the pros of the Analogue editing is that is much more quicker when editing because those who film it loves to take their time when filming but this allows them to have only one shot when filming. Additionally, it is safe when editing with analogue, because the film wouldn’t be stored on the computer which means that the film that was edited can’t get misplaced. However, one of the cons of analogue editing is that if there’s a mistake taking place during the time of the filming, you cannot go back and make any editing changes which means that the film that’s produced will not be as good as it should be. Furthermore, communication will be a con for example when someone is editing and they say “action” you’ll not be able to cut their voice out which will mess up the final film piece.

There are some cons and pros of Digital editing. One of the cons of digital editing is that you might find it too difficult when it comes to editing the film as it is very difficult to use. Also, due to it allow us to edit the same clip multiple times; people may take advantage when filming which will take a long time to finish editing. Furthermore, due to digital editing depending on technology, users have to make sure that the technology they are using doesn’t have a fault while they are editing because this may meant that the film editing they did may get misplaced which is very bad for users as it means that they have to start all over again. However the pros of digital editing are that users can put their film clips however they want when editing and doesn’t have to film their clips in order as they could edit it in order on digital editing. Furthermore, this will mean they get a longer time to edit without rushing their work. 

Task 2 and Task 3 -In Camera Editing

Development Editing Techniques

In-camera Editing is a technique of video production, in which the camera operator shoots the shots in the extract order that they will be viewed in. In addition, in camera editing was a technique used in a great deal in the early days of film making before ‘splicing’ (the art of cutting connecting film strip) became easier. Furthermore, in-camera editing films are ‘edited’ by simply switching on and off the camera to enable them do different scenes in the film. The process of In Camera editing takes immense amount of planning, this is because so that the the shot that are filmed, are the ones that will be viewed in directly that order
In conclusion, one of the most famous in- camera editors was George Melies, which was a magician who had seen the films made by the Lumiere brothers. So therefore he saw at once the possibilities of a novelty more than just a motion itself. In 1890, he made ‘The Vanishing Lady’ using a technique known as “In camera editing”. It was rumoured that he discovered the art of motion purely by accident when a camera of his broke down for a brief second.One of the pro for In Camera editing is that it takes a small period of time to create the film as the camera helps edit the film for the user  therefore you do not need to editing your film on the computer which means that it doesn’t have to take up a long time. Additionally, a pro for In Camera editing is when a person is filming, it makes a continuous film clip without no jumps from scenes to scenes, which allows the film to show smoothly. On the other hand, one of the cons of In Camera editing is that if a film scene goes wrong, they cannot go back to do any changes for their mistake. For example, during the time of my film in my group, I remembered how I made a mistake in one scene when talking and we had to delete the one I made the mistake in and had to start again which is the negative side of doing In Camera editing.Another con of In Camera editing is that is very difficult to communicate with one another because during the time of our filming in my group, we found it very difficult to communicate with one another while filming which meant that our film wasn’t that good due to lack of communication

  
George Melies
vanishing Lady
This is a piece of our in-camera editing :

My in- camera editing analysis

In our camera editing shot, I managed to use different types of shots like, mid-shots, close-up shots, long shots and wide shots which suggest that I was better than my last film making shot, which shows the improvement of my skills in camera editing.

We were able to produce a really good piece of film making, as we were able to act out our piece of film clip very well, we were able to do this because we worked as a team, motivated one another and was able to cooperate as a team.

Our ideas and creativity meant that we were able to make a really good piece of film without the help of the teacher. In addition, our body language was very composed and our stage direction was express very well during the processes of our film making. we were able to get the right shot and had a strong and good camera angle, in addition our timing when stopping a shot and starting in was on time which was really good.
on the other hand, things we have to improve on as a team is our communication skill and camera man skills. I need to be able to communicate with everyone on my team which which enable us to have a good team chemistry and if each person in my team could improve on our camera skills this means that we don't have to rely on one person but means that we are all able to use the camera which means that we're not limited when it come to using the camera. Due us not having a good communication skills that we needed, this lead to miss communication in our film making scene.
I personally believe everyone,including me has improved in our acting skills since we started media because in our fist film making we could see that some of us including me wasn't confident in our acting skills and wasn't confident speaker when it came to film making whereas now we we're able to speak loud, confidently and was able to perform a well made in-camera editing   

Task 1- Editing In Early Cinema

Development In Editing 

In this unit I will be explaining how the concept of "editing" has developed over the over 50 years.I'll help young film makers, like myself,  understand how the post-production stage of film making work.
Firstly, I'm going to tell you all about the history of editing and important people that was involved in the history of editing that was involved in the history of editing. Did you know that editing would have never changed without the help of these people:

• Thomas Edison
• Lumiere Bros- Sortie d'usine 
• G.A Smith - The Miller and Sweep
• G.A Smith - The Kiss in the Tunnel 
• George Meiles- The Vanishing Lady
• Edwin s Porter- The Life of an American
• Edwin s Porter- The Great Train Robbery 
• Charles Pathé - The Horse that bolted 
• D.W. Griffith  - Birth of a Nation 

Thomas Edison 

Thomas Edison was an American inventor and a businessman. He established many device that significantly changed life around the world, including practical electric light bulb.
Thomas Edison ran a film laboratory where the "kinethographic" camera and the "kinetoscope" were invented.In addition, he developed the 35mm film strip that came to be the industry standard which made it easy for them to film. Furthermore, later in his invention , he eventually developed a projector to play the film on.  

The Lumiere Brother 

Thomas Edison worked with the Lumiere brothers and produced a short film that were one long, static and locked-down shot. The motion in the shot was all that was necessary to please an audience, so the first films simply showed activity such as 'traffic moving on a city street'. This can be seen in the film 'Sortie d'usine' (1895) by the Lumiere brothers.

Workers Leaving the Lumiere factory, also known as Employees Leaving the Lumiere factory and Exiting the Factory, is an 1895 French short black-and-white silent documentary film directed and produced by the Lumiere brothers. It is often stated to as the first real motion picture ever made

workers leaving the Lumiere factory


G.A. Smith
At the start, there was no story and no editing. Each film ran as long as there was film in the camera. An earliest example of which is 'The Miller and the Sweep' by G.A.Smith story line. In 1899, G.A.Smith later on made 'The kiss in the Tunnel'. This film was said to mark the beginning of narrative editing (creating a story). GA.Smith "felt that some extra spice was called for" in the popular "Phantom ride" genre camera in front of the train. Furthermore, he took advantage of the brief on set of darkness, as they went into the dark tunnel to Spice (cut and the stick two pieces of film together) in the shot of the couple. This was a very great turning point of the history of editing.
 

George Melies

George Melies  was a magician who had seen the films made by the Lumiere brothers. So therefore he saw at once the possibilities of a novelty more than just a motion itself. In 1890, he made ‘The Vanishing Lady’ using a technique known as “In camera editing”. It was rumoured that he discovered the art of motion purely by accident when a camera of his broke down for a brief second.  Unfortunately, it never occurred to him to move the camera for close-ups or long-shots, so therefore his work was soon overlooked. Furthermore, the commercial growth of industry forced him out of the business in 1913 and as well as he died in poverty which was very sad. Till now element of his life are depicted in the recent film ‘Hugo’.

Porter and Edison  

Edwin Stanton Porter was an American early film pioneer, most famous as a director with Thomas Edison's company. Of over 250 films created by Porter, the most important films include Life of an American Fireman and The Great Train Robbery. Firstly, Edwin. S. Porter worked as an electrician before joining the film in the late 1890s. He and Edison worked together to make a longer more interesting films, for example porter made the breakthrough film ‘life in an American fireman’ in 1903. The film was among the first films that had a plot, action and even a close up shot of a hand pulling a fire alarm. In addition, Porter discovered important aspect of motion picture language: ‘that the screen image doesn’t need to show a complete person from head to toes. During the film, that splicing together two shots creates in the viewer’s mind a contextual relationship. These were the key discoveries that made all narrative motion pictures and television possible. Lastly, ‘The Great Train Robbery’ 1903, Porter’s ground breaking film which was an excellent example of how early film began to resemble the types of films we see today.

 

Charles Pathé was a major French pioneer of the film and recording industries. In the film ‘The horse that bottled’ (1907), Charles Pathe introduce the first example of a technique known as parallel editing- cutting between two story lines.

DW.Griffith 

US film director DW.Griffith was one of the early supporters of the early supporters of the power of editing. He made use of cross-cutting to show parallel action in different location. In addition, he was one of the first of the early directors to use editing techniques in the products if “Feature Length films”, “The Birth of Nations”. His most controversial film and the one he is best remembered for was the “ The Birth of Nations” 1915